Carry look-ahead adder27. Nov '13
Carry lookahead adder is composed of three stages:
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
entity CarryLookaheadAdder is
Port ( a : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0);
b : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0);
ci : in STD_LOGIC;
s : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0);
co : out STD_LOGIC);
end CarryLookaheadAdder;
architecture Behavioral of CarryLookaheadAdder is
signal g:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0);
signal p:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0);
signal c:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0);
begin
product_loop: for i in 0 to 7 generate
p(i) <= a(i) xor b(i);
g(i) <= a(i) and b(i);
end generate;
s(0) <= p(0) xor ci;
sum_loop: for i in 0 to 6 generate
s(i+1) <= p(i+1) xor c(i);
end generate;
c(0) <=
g(0) or
(ci and p(0));
c(1) <=
g(1) or
(g(0) and p(1)) or
(ci and p(1) and p(0));
c(2) <=
g(2) or
(g(1) and p(2)) or
(g(0) and p(2) and p(1)) or
(ci and p(2) and p(1) and p(0));
c(3) <=
g(3) or
(g(2) and p(3)) or
(g(1) and p(3) and p(2)) or
(g(0) and p(3) and p(2) and p(1)) or
(ci and p(3) and p(2) and p(1) and p(0));
c(4) <=
g(4) or
(g(3) and p(4)) or
(g(2) and p(4) and p(3)) or
(g(1) and p(4) and p(3) and p(2)) or
(g(0) and p(4) and p(3) and p(2) and p(1)) or
(ci and p(4) and p(3) and p(2) and p(1) and p(0));
c(5) <=
g(5) or
(g(4) and p(5)) or
(g(3) and p(5) and p(4)) or
(g(2) and p(5) and p(4) and p(3)) or
(g(1) and p(5) and p(4) and p(3) and p(2)) or
(g(0) and p(5) and p(4) and p(3) and p(2) and p(1)) or
(ci and p(5) and p(4) and p(3) and p(2) and p(1) and p(0));
c(6) <=
g(6) or
(g(5) and p(6)) or
(g(4) and p(6) and p(5)) or
(g(3) and p(6) and p(5) and p(4)) or
(g(2) and p(6) and p(5) and p(4) and p(3)) or
(g(1) and p(6) and p(5) and p(4) and p(3) and p(2)) or
(g(0) and p(6) and p(5) and p(4) and p(3) and p(2) and p(1)) or
(ci and p(6) and p(5) and p(4) and p(3) and p(2) and p(1) and p(0));
c(7) <=
g(7) or
(g(6) and p(7)) or
(g(5) and p(7) and p(6)) or
(g(4) and p(7) and p(6) and p(5)) or
(g(3) and p(7) and p(6) and p(5) and p(4)) or
(g(2) and p(7) and p(6) and p(5) and p(4) and p(3)) or
(g(1) and p(7) and p(6) and p(5) and p(4) and p(3) and p(2)) or
(g(0) and p(7) and p(6) and p(5) and p(4) and p(3) and p(2) and p(1)) or
(ci and p(7) and p(6) and p(5) and p(4) and p(3) and p(2) and p(1) and p(0));
end Behavioral;Metrics for Xilinx Spartan 3E XC3S500E:
Latency of critical path: 11.735ns
Number of inputs: 17 (2x 8-bit operands plus carry in)
Number of outputs: 8 (8-bit sum)
Number of 4-input LUTs: 15
Conculsion: Carry lookahead adder should perform better, but it seems that it heavily depends on the underlying implementation. For instance what happens with compound AND statements? X and Y and Z could in theory be implemented with one multiple-input AND gate, but seeing the latencies grow across outputs makes me believe that compound AND statements translate into cascaded 2-input (N)AND gates:
Pad to Pad
---------------+---------------+---------+
Source Pad |Destination Pad| Delay |
---------------+---------------+---------+
a<0> |s<0> | 6.192|
a<0> |s<1> | 6.470|
a<0> |s<2> | 7.915|
a<0> |s<3> | 9.267|
a<0> |s<4> | 9.539|
a<0> |s<5> | 10.518|
a<0> |s<6> | 11.594|
a<0> |s<7> | 11.692|
a<1> |s<1> | 6.553|
a<1> |s<2> | 6.916|
a<1> |s<3> | 8.268|
a<1> |s<4> | 8.540|
a<1> |s<5> | 9.519|
a<1> |s<6> | 10.595|
a<1> |s<7> | 10.693|
a<2> |s<2> | 6.026|
a<2> |s<3> | 7.496|
a<2> |s<4> | 7.768|
a<2> |s<5> | 8.747|
a<2> |s<6> | 9.823|
a<2> |s<7> | 9.921|
a<3> |s<3> | 7.012|
a<3> |s<4> | 6.807|
a<3> |s<5> | 7.786|
a<3> |s<6> | 8.862|
a<3> |s<7> | 8.960|
a<4> |s<4> | 6.085|
a<4> |s<5> | 7.030|
a<4> |s<6> | 8.106|
a<4> |s<7> | 8.204|
a<5> |s<5> | 5.725|
a<5> |s<6> | 6.445|
a<5> |s<7> | 6.543|
a<6> |s<6> | 6.202|
a<6> |s<7> | 6.488|
a<7> |s<7> | 6.202|
b<0> |s<0> | 5.823|
b<0> |s<1> | 6.139|
b<0> |s<2> | 7.584|
b<0> |s<3> | 8.936|
b<0> |s<4> | 9.208|
b<0> |s<5> | 10.187|
b<0> |s<6> | 11.263|
b<0> |s<7> | 11.361|
b<1> |s<1> | 5.760|
b<1> |s<2> | 6.771|
b<1> |s<3> | 8.123|
b<1> |s<4> | 8.395|
b<1> |s<5> | 9.374|
b<1> |s<6> | 10.450|
b<1> |s<7> | 10.548|
b<2> |s<2> | 5.940|
b<2> |s<3> | 7.437|
b<2> |s<4> | 7.709|
b<2> |s<5> | 8.688|
b<2> |s<6> | 9.764|
b<2> |s<7> | 9.862|
b<3> |s<3> | 6.043|
b<3> |s<4> | 6.322|
b<3> |s<5> | 7.301|
b<3> |s<6> | 8.377|
b<3> |s<7> | 8.475|
b<4> |s<4> | 5.997|
b<4> |s<5> | 6.971|
b<4> |s<6> | 8.047|
b<4> |s<7> | 8.145|
b<5> |s<5> | 5.593|
b<5> |s<6> | 6.665|
b<5> |s<7> | 6.763|
b<6> |s<6> | 5.651|
b<6> |s<7> | 6.447|
b<7> |s<7> | 5.890|
ci |s<0> | 6.054|
ci |s<1> | 6.513|
ci |s<2> | 7.958|
ci |s<3> | 9.310|
ci |s<4> | 9.582|
ci |s<5> | 10.561|
ci |s<6> | 11.637|
ci |s<7> | 11.735|
---------------+---------------+---------+